01-H: Human Factors

Knowledge

symptoms
- suffocation
- drowsiness
- lightheadedness
- tingling and coolness in the extremities
effects
causes
- signficantly decreased carbon dioxide level in the body
  - due to increased breathing volume due to
    - rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen
    - stress
    - emotional tension, anxiety, or fear
- succceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning increases as altitude increases
corrective actions
- breathing into a bag
- slowing the breathing rate
- breathing less deeply
- talking aloud

definition
- state of temperary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs
- lack of orientation with regard to position, attitude or movement of the aircraft in space
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_illusions_in_aviation
Somatogravic/vestibular illusions
- conditions
  - particularly dominant in conditions of restricted visbility
    - night
    - IMC
  - continual flight into IMC
- corrective actions
  - Always trust your instruments (airspeed, attitude indicator)
- causes
- types
  - head-up illusion
    - symptoms
    - effects
      - linear acceleration is perceived as head-up tilt
      - pilot tends to react by pushing forward to correct for the falsely assumed pitch up leading to a unintended dive
causes
- moving the head to quickly (esp. in IMC)

carbon monoxide
- colorless, odorless, tasteless gas cotntained in exhaust fumes
symptoms
- light accumulation
  - headaches
  - blurred vision
  - dizziness
  - drowsiness
  - increased sense of well-being
- large accumulation
  - loss of muscle power
effects
- reduction of the blood's ability to carry oxygen
causes
- cracks or leakages in the exhaust
corrective actions
- turn off cabin heat
- open fresh air vents
- open windows
- using supplemental oxygen

in haze,
- objects appear to be farther away than they actually are
- the eyes focus to empty field myopia
Symptoms
Effects
Causes
Corrective Actions

8 hours bottle to throttle
0.04% (= 0.4 permille) BAC
convictions for DUI of alcohol or drugs must be reported to the FAA, Civiliation Aivation Security Division
- no later than 60 days after the motor vehicle action

effects of alcohol
- intoxication: diminishing of judgment and decision-making ability
- hangover: ongoing motor and mental response impairment
prescription analgesics (oxycodone, meperidine, codeine, propoxyphene)almost always negatively affect flying performance
aviation medical examiners (AME) can provide information wether a medicatino is prohibitive offuel flying

Hazaradous habits
- relying on memory for recurring tasks, thus leading to neglection of checklists
Hazardous thoughts
- Strategy:
  - 1) Label the thought as hazardous
  - 2) state the corresponding (learned) antidote
Classical hazardous attitudes
- Anti-authority
  - Attitude: The rules don't apply to me.
  - Antidote: Follow the rules, the are usually right.
- Impulsivity
  - Attitude: Do it quickly.
  - Antidote: Not so fast, think first.
- Invulnerability:
  - Attitude: It can't happen to me.
  - Antidote: Recognizing that "it could happen to me".
- Macho:
  - Attitude: Let me show you what I can do.
    - trying to exhibit "the right stuff" (airforce test pilot) leads to practices that are dangerous, often illegal and may lead to a mishap
  - Antidote: Taking chances is foolish.
- Resignation
  - Attitude: What's the use?
  - Antidote: I can make a difference. I am not helpless.